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CASEpapers

CASEpaper
Capped and trapped (in the UK's housing market): how the benefit cap makes it almost impossible to find affordable housing

Mark Fransham, Kate Andersen, Ruth Patrick, Aaron Reeves and Kitty Stewart

The benefit cap places an upper limit on the total amount a family can receive in financial support from the government in a given year. Many of those subject to the cap live in high rent properties and one stated goal f...Read more...

31 July 2024

CASEpaper
An impossible move? Households' experiences of trying to escape the Benefit Cap

Ruth Patrick, Kate Andersen, Kitty Stewart, Aaron Reeves and Mark Fransham

Recent governments have increasingly used their power to attempt to alter the behaviour of people in receipt of social security benefits. This can be seen in the case of the Benefit Cap, a policy introduced with a specif...Read more...

31 July 2024

CASEpaper
Fair decarbonisation of housing in the UK: A sufficiency approach

Ian Gough, Stefan Horn, Charlotte Rogers and Rebecca Tunstall

This paper addresses a neglected aspect of the UK housing crisis: how to rapidly but fairly decarbonise the housing stock to meet tough net zero targets while meeting housing needs of the entire population. To do so the ...Read more...

22 March 2024

CASEpaper
Inequalities in provision for primary children with special educational needs and / or disabilities (SEND) by local area deprivation

Tammy Campbell

This paper explores how area deprivation-level is related to primary school children’s chances of: a) being allocated statutory support for special educational needs and / or disabilities (SEND) through an Education, Hea...Read more...

13 November 2023

CASEpaper
Change, stagnation, and polarisation in UK job quality, 2012-2021: Evidence from a new Quality of Work index

Thomas Stephens

This paper presents results from a new synthetic index of multi-dimensional Quality of Work (QoW) for the UK, using data from five waves of Understanding Society (Waves 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) covering the years 2012-2013 to...Read more...

22 August 2023

CASEpaper
Making Work Pay? The labour market effects of capping child benefits in larger families

Mary Reader, Kate Andersen, Ruth Patrick, Aaron Reeves and Kitty Stewart

Child benefits are typically paid on a per-child basis, without restrictions on family size. In this paper we generate unique evidence on the effects of capping child benefits by family size by examining the introduction...Read more...

1 June 2023

CASEpaper
The sins of the parents: Conceptualising adult-oriented reforms to family policy

Kitty Stewart, Ruth Patrick and Aaron Reeves

A core element of a welfare state is the support that is provided to families with children, in recognition of the additional needs that dependent children create. Variation in the design, generosity and implementation o...Read more...

27 April 2023

CASEpaper
Living arrangements, intra-household inequality and children’s deprivation: Evidence from EU-SILC

Eleni Karagiannaki and Tania Burchardt

Evidence from the 2014 EU-SILC indicates that a non-negligible proportion of children in Europe live in multi-family households. Leaving aside more complex household types, around 4% of children live with their grandpare...Read more...

22 June 2022

CASEpaper
The two-child limit & ‘choices’ over family size: When policy presentation collides with lived experiences

Kate Andersen and Ruth Patrick

The two-child limit restricts the child element in Universal Credit and Tax Credits to two children in a household (for children born after April 2017). One objective of the two-child limit is to influence the fertility ...Read more...

15 June 2022

CASEpaper
No such thing as a free lunch? Exploring the consistency, validity, and uses of the ‘Free School Meals’ (FSM) measure in the National Pupil Database

Tammy Campbell and Polina Obolenskaya

This paper examines the existing literature on what the Free School Meals (‘FSM’) measure in the National Pupil Database (NPD) can proxy, and on ways in which the measure is used and understood. Through new empirical ana...Read more...

12 November 2021

CASEpaper
A time of need: Exploring the changing poverty risk facing larger families in the UK

Kitty Stewart, Aaron Reeves and Ruth Patrick

Child poverty in the UK has seen rapid change over the last two decades, broadly falling from the late 1990s until 2012/13 and rising since then. As a result, child poverty rates converged with rates of poverty for worki...Read more...

28 July 2021

CASEpaper
Special Educational Needs and Disabilities within the English primary school system: What can disproportionalities by season of birth contribute to understanding processes behind attributions and (lack of) provisions?

Tammy Campbell

This working paper uses de-identified National Pupil Database records spanning 2008 – 2018 (N children=6 million+) to map disproportionalities by birth season and gender in attributions of levels of Special Education...Read more...

1 June 2021

CASEpaper
The birthweight effects of universal child benefits in pregnancy: quasi-experimental evidence from England and Wales

Mary Reader

Over a decade ago, in April 2009, the UK Labour government introduced the Health in Pregnancy Grant (HPG), a cash transfer of the equivalent of child benefit over the third trimester (£190) as a lump sum to all pregnant ...Read more...

24 February 2021

CASEpaper
Did the introduction of the benefit cap in Britain harm mental health? A natural experiment approach

Aaron Reeves, Mark Fransham, Kitty Stewart and Ruth Patrick

In November 2016, the UK government announced they would be lowering the benefit cap, the total amount a family with no-one in full-time employment can receive from the government in social security. This policy change r...Read more...

26 November 2020

CASEpaper
When and why might choice in public services have intrinsic (dis)value?

Aveek Bhattacharya

Governments in several countries have sought to increase choice in public services. Proponents claim the value of such choice is both instrumental (it improves outcomes) and intrinsic (choice is valuable in itself). Yet ...Read more...

2 July 2020

CASEpaper
The financial resilience of households: 22 country study with new estimates, breakdowns by household characteristics and a review of policy options

Abigail McKnight and Marc Rucci

Some households are less resilient to financial shocks than others. This may be because they have low levels of savings, have limited access to affordable credit, already hold high levels of debt or lack the skills requi...Read more...

4 May 2020

CASEpaper
Intra-household inequality and adult material deprivation in Europe

Eleni Karagiannaki and Tania Burchardt

In most research on living standards, material deprivation is measured using household-level material deprivation indicators. However, if resources are not shared equally within households, conventional material deprivat...Read more...

2 March 2020

CASEpaper
Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: a review of dynamic mechanisms

Magali Duque and Abigail McKnight

In this paper we examine the evidence on how dynamic mechanisms, which include earnings and income mobility, poverty dynamics, social mobility and the accumulation of risk and advantage over the lifecycle, may be a contr...Read more...

30 October 2019

CASEpaper
Understanding the relationship between poverty, inequality and growth: a review of existing evidence

Abigail McKnight

This paper reviews the theoretical literature and empirical evidence on the relationship between poverty, inequality and economic growth. It finds evidence that economic inequality is good for growth as well as new conv...Read more...

18 July 2019

CASEpaper
Understanding the relationship between inequalities and poverty: mechanisms associated with crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions

Magali Duque and Abigail McKnight

This paper outlines the various issues pertaining to how crime, the legal system and punitive sanctions may provide a mechanism through which inequality is positively related to poverty. We analyse trends in crime rates...Read more...

3 July 2019

CASEpaper
Inequalities in the experience of early education in England: Access, peer groups and transitions

Tammy Campbell, Ludovica Gambaro and Kitty Stewart

This paper summarises the output of a Nuffield-funded research project exploring inequalities in three aspects of children’s experience in early education in England. The main focus of the project was on ‘peer effects’ i...Read more...

7 June 2019

CASEpaper
Reducing Mommy Penalties with Daddy Quotas

Allison Dunatchik and Berkay Özcan

This paper investigates whether daddy quotas - non-transferable paternity leave policies - mitigate motherhood penalties women face in the labor market. Using the introduction of a daddy quota in Quebec, Canada as a natu...Read more...

22 May 2019

CASEpaper
The relationship between poverty and inequality: Resource constraint mechanisms

Lin Yang

This paper examines how inequality from the interaction of income and housing circumstances changes the relative position of households in the income distribution, and influences the incidence and socio-demographic prof...Read more...

23 November 2018

CASEpaper
The net effect of housing-related costs and advantages on the relationship between inequality and poverty

Lin Yang

This paper reviews the evidence of how the welfare state can shape the relationship between economic inequality and poverty through the channels of taxes, transfers and public good provision. In particular, we examine ho...Read more...

23 November 2018

CASEpaper
Non-resident parents: Why are they hard to capture in surveys and what can we do about it?

Caroline Bryson and Stephen McKay

The under-representation of non-resident parents in surveys has long hindered research on family separation, leaving key evidence gaps for those making policy and practice decisions related to separating and separated fa...Read more...

25 October 2018

CASEpaper
Does Part-Time Mothering Help Get a Job? The Role of Shared Custody in Women’s Employment

Carole Bonnet, Bertrand Garbinti and Anne Solaz

Though shared custody arrangements after divorce are more and more frequent in many countries, little is known about their economic consequences for parents. By relaxing family time constraints, does shared custody help ...Read more...

25 April 2018

CASEpaper
Experience of multiple disadvantage among Roma, Gypsy and Traveller children in England and Wales

Tania Burchardt, Polina Obolenskaya, Polly Vizard and Mario Battaglini

Roma, Gypsy and Traveller children across Europe experience high levels of disadvantage and have repeatedly been identified as a priority in European Commission policy documents, yet they are often missing or invisible i...Read more...

1 March 2018

CASEpaper
Multidimensional poverty and income inequality in the EU

Lin Yang and Polly Vizard

This paper examines the link between the way a country's most deprived individuals experience disadvantage across multiple dimensions of life and how this may relate to its level of income inequality. By expanding the de...Read more...

21 November 2017

CASEpaper
The empirical relationship between income poverty and income inequality in rich and middle income countries

Eleni Karagiannaki

This research draws on inequality and poverty statistics from various databases including the European Union Statistics on Incomes and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), the OECD Income Distribution Database (IDD) and the Worl...Read more...

21 November 2017

CASEpaper
The relationship between poverty and inequality: Concepts and measurement

Lin Yang

This paper defines and maps the variety of different concepts and measures of poverty and inequality that have been developed and used in research. These reflect differing views of what constitutes a minimum acceptable q...Read more...

21 November 2017

CASEpaper
Inequality, poverty and the grounds of our normative concerns

Irene Bucelli

Policy debates surrounding poverty and inequality try to find practical solutions to what we should do to tackle these phenomena. But what are the grounds for being concerned about poverty or about inequality? To what ex...Read more...

21 November 2017

CASEpaper
Does Money Affect Children's Outcomes? An update

Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart

This report provides an update to Does Money Affect Children’s Outcomes?: A Systematic Review, published in October 2013. Using systematic search approaches, we review the literature examining the relationship between ho...Read more...

12 July 2017

CASEpaper
Measuring individual well-being: A multidimensional index integrating subjective well-being and preferences

Lin Yang

Policymakers have begun looking for measures to assess the well-being of their citizens beyond GDP per capita and disposable income levels. However, the multidimensional and subjective nature of human well-being makes de...Read more...

16 June 2017

CASEpaper
Inequality and the Capability Approach

Tania Burchardt and Rod Hick

Inequality has acquired a newfound prominence in academic and political debate. While scholars working with the capability approach have succeeded in influencing the nature of debate about the conceptualisation and measu...Read more...

13 January 2017

CASEpaper
Citizen's Income: Rights and Wrongs

David Piachaud

A Citizen’s Income, or a Basic Income, is not a new idea but it has been receiving increasing attention. There is confusion about the idea and an attempt is made to distinguish different concepts. Then a full Citizen’s I...Read more...

1 December 2016

CASEpaper
Benefit `myths'? The accuracy and inaccuracy of public beliefs about the benefits system

Ben Baumberg Geiger

There is a widespread assumption that increasingly negative public attitudes to the benefits system are due to ‘myths’ held by the British public. However, there is little prior research on whether the public believe the...Read more...

17 October 2016

CASEpaper
Pareto and the upper tail of the income distribution in the UK: 1799 to the present

Anthony B. Atkinson

The Pareto distribution has long been a source of fascination to economists, and the Pareto coefficient is widely used, in theoretical and empirical studies, as a summary of the degree of concentration of top incomes. Th...Read more...

17 October 2016

CASEpaper
How do experts think child poverty should be measured in the UK? An analysis of the Coalition Government’s consultation on child poverty measurement 2012-13

Kitty Stewart and Nick Roberts

This paper examines responses to a 2012-13 government consultation on child poverty measurement. It explores what these responses tell us about attitudes towards the child poverty indicators in the Child Poverty Act 2010...Read more...

14 July 2016

CASEpaper
Spatial microsimulation estimates of household income distributions in London boroughs, 2001 and 2011

Alex Fenton

Spatial microsimulation (SMS) is a range of techniques for estimating the local distribution of a variable – here, household income – by combining social survey microdata with Census or administrative population totals. ...Read more...

14 July 2016

CASEpaper
Gentrification in London: A progress report, 2001-2013

Alex Fenton

This paper investigates changes in the composition and spatial distribution of income poverty in London from 2001 to 2013, and considers them as evidence of gentrification. It is first argued that income poverty measures...Read more...

14 July 2016

CASEpaper
Income Poverty, Affluence and Polarisation Viewed From The Median

Rolf Aaberge, Anthony B. Atkinson and Henrik Sigstad

The present paper brings together different features of the distribution of income – poverty, affluence and dispersion – in a single framework that allows ready comparisons across countries. We believe that such a unifie...Read more...

12 July 2016

CASEpaper
Public and Private Welfare Activity in England

Polina Obolenskaya and Tania Burchardt

This paper is the latest in a series of publications documenting the shifting boundaries of private and public welfare activity for the years 1979/80, 1995/96, 1999/00 and 2007/08, and now 2013/14. It records who finance...Read more...

8 July 2016

CASEpaper
The changing distribution of individual incomes in the UK before and after the recession

Eleni Karagiannaki and Lucinda Platt

While there has been substantial research on the impacts of the Great Recession on household incomes, there has been less attention paid to the effects on individual income. Using pooled data from the Family Resources Su...Read more...

30 September 2015

CASEpaper
A fresh look at an old question: is pro-poor targeting of cash transfers more effective than universal systems at reducing inequality and poverty?

Abigail McKnight

This paper presents findings on the changing effectiveness of cash transfers and income taxes on inequality and poverty reduction in four EU countries - the UK, Italy, Sweden and France. We use long time series (spanning...Read more...

10 July 2015

CASEpaper
Mothers, parenting and the impact of separation

Lucinda Platt, Tina Haux and Rachel Rosenberg

This paper investigates the impact of separation on mothers’ perception of their competence as parents. Using the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a largescale nationally representative cohort study of children born in the...Read more...

12 June 2015

CASEpaper
Parenting and post-separation contact: what are the links?

Tina Haux, Lucinda Platt and Rachel Rosenberg

High rates of parental separation and the extent to which non-resident fathers lose contact with their child have led to concerns about the involvement of fathers in their children’s lives. In this paper, we draw on a na...Read more...

12 June 2015

CASEpaper
Monitoring the evolution of income poverty and real incomes over time

Anthony B. Atkinson, Anne-Catherine Guio and Eric Marlier

This paper brings together two approaches to the monitoring of household living standards: the macro-economic (national accounts) analysis of aggregates and the social indicators based on household microdata (European Un...Read more...

31 March 2015

CASEpaper
The Coalition's Record on Employment: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 2010-2015

Abigail McKnight

The evaluation of the Coalition’s employment policy shows that although the labour market was remarkably resilient over the recession in terms of employment rates, this was largely driven by falling real wages and increa...Read more...

31 March 2015

CASEpaper
The income distribution in the UK: A picture of advantage and disadvantage

Stephen P Jenkins

This paper describes the UK income distribution and how it has evolved over the last 50 years. It also includes some comparisons with the income distributions of other rich countries. Multiple perspectives on the distrib...Read more...

18 February 2015

CASEpaper
Piketty in the long run

Frank A Cowell

I examine the idea of 'the long run' in Piketty (2014) and related works. In contrast to simplistic interpretations of long-run models of income- and wealth-distribution Piketty (2014) draws on a rich economic analysis t...Read more...

17 February 2015

CASEpaper
Beyond Radicalism and Resignation: The Competing Logics for Public Participation in Policy Decisions

Rikki Dean

From the World Bank to the Occupy Movement, support for greater citizen participation in social policy decisions has become ubiquitous. This paper argues that existing typologies of participation are problematic in that ...Read more...

12 December 2014

CASEpaper
Does early centre-based care have an impact on child cognitive and socio-emotional development? Evidence from Chile

Marigen Narea

Worldwide, non-maternal child care during the first years of life has gradually become more prevalent. However, there is little evidence for Chile about the benefit of early attendance at centre-based care—especially uni...Read more...

12 December 2014

CASEpaper
Climate Change and Sustainable Welfare: An Argument for the Centrality of Human Needs

Ian Gough

Since climate change threatens human wellbeing across the globe and into the future, we require a concept of wellbeing that encompasses an equivalent ambit. This paper argues that only a concept of human need can do the ...Read more...

30 July 2014

CASEpaper
Disabled People's Financial Histories: Uncovering the disability wealth-penalty

Abigail McKnight

It is well established that on average disabled people and the households in which they live face greater financial disadvantage in terms of income than their counterparts. What is less well understood is how they fare i...Read more...

15 April 2014

CASEpaper
Richard Titmuss: Forty years on

Howard Glennerster

Richard Titmuss was one of the world’s leading public analysts and philosophers. He was highly influential in shaping the post-war welfare state and created the subject we now call social policy. What would he make of th...Read more...

18 February 2014

CASEpaper
Education and Intergenerational Mobility: Help or Hindrance?

Jo Blanden and Lindsey Macmillan

Evidence on intergenerational income mobility in the UK is dated. This paper seeks to update our knowledge by introducing new estimates of mobility for later measures of earnings in the 1958 and 1970 birth cohorts. Given...Read more...

29 January 2014

CASEpaper
Wealth and Inheritance in Britain from 1896 to the Present

Anthony B. Atkinson

There has been a large rise in the UK ratio of personal wealth to national income. Personal wealth has grown since the 1970s about twice as fast in real terms as national income. Has this rise in the wealth-income ratio ...Read more...

12 November 2013

CASEpaper
Labour's Record on Neighbourhood Renewal in England: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010

Ruth Lupton, Alex Fenton and Amanda Fitzgerald

When he came to power in 1997, Tony Blair reacted to widening disparities between poorer and richer neighbourhoods by declaring that no one in future decades should be seriously disadvantaged by where they lived. This pa...Read more...

12 November 2013

CASEpaper
Labour's Record on the Under Fives: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010

Kitty Stewart

When Labour came to power in 1997 it made commitments to reduce poverty and improve children’s health, education and wider life chances. Early childhood was considered central to the strategy, and considerable resources ...Read more...

12 November 2013

CASEpaper
Labour's Record on Cash Transfers, Poverty, Inequality and the Lifecycle 1997 - 2010

John Hills

Cash transfers (benefits and tax credits) are crucial to the way that inequalities develop over time. This paper looks at how Labour’s aims, policies and achievements on poverty and inequality related to its reforms of a...Read more...

1 August 2013

CASEpaper
Public policy and inequalities of choice and autonomy

Tania Burchardt, Martin Evans and Holly Holder

This article explores the conceptualisation of choice as autonomy using three components – self-reflection, active decision-making, and quality and range of options - and investigates empirical inequalities in autonomy, ...Read more...

24 June 2013

CASEpaper
Small-area measures of income poverty

Alex Fenton

This paper considers techniques for measuring the prevalence of income poverty within small areas, or “neighbourhoods”, in Britain. The ultimate purpose is applying such statistics to investigating how the micro-spatial ...Read more...

20 May 2013

CASEpaper
How best to measure pension adequacy

Aaron George Grech

Though the main benchmark used to assess pension reforms continues to be the expected resulting fall in future government spending, the impact of policy changes on pension adequacy is increasingly coming to the fore. As ...Read more...

1 April 2013

CASEpaper
A question of quality: Do children from disadvantaged backgrounds receive lower quality early years education and care in England?

Ludovica Gambaro, Kitty Stewart and Jane Waldfogel

This paper examines how the quality of formal early childhood education and care is associated with children’s background. By using different indicators of quality, the research also explored how the relationship varies ...Read more...

1 March 2013

CASEpaper
What Gives? Household Consumption Patterns and the 'Big Trade Off' with Public Consumption

Francesca Bastagli and John Hills

At the centre of politics in Britain and other countries is what is sometimes called 'the big trade-off'- where to strike the balance between private consumption and collective goods and social spending – and hence the s...Read more...

1 March 2013

CASEpaper
The relationship between EU indicators of persistent and current poverty

Stephen P Jenkins and Philippe Van Kerm

The current poverty rate and the persistent poverty rate are both included in the EU’s portfolio of primary indicators of social inclusion. We show that there is a near-linear relationship between these two indicators ac...Read more...

1 March 2013

CASEpaper
Accounting for cross-country differences in wealth inequality

Frank A Cowell, Eleni Karagiannaki and Abigail McKnight

This paper adopts a counterfactual decomposition analysis to analyse cross-country differences in the size of household wealth and levels of household wealth inequality. The findings of the paper suggest that the biggest...Read more...

1 March 2013

CASEpaper
On 'Consistent' Poverty

Rod Hick

The measurement of poverty as ‘consistent’ poverty offers a solution to one of the primary problems of poverty measurement within Social Policy of the last three decades. Often treated as if they were synonymous, ‘indire...Read more...

1 December 2012

CASEpaper
Wealth accumulation in Great Britain 1995-2005: The role of house prices and the life cycle

Francesca Bastagli and John Hills

This paper examines trends in the distribution of household wealth in Great Britain from 1995 to 2005 using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The data show that wealth is very unevenly distributed and reveal a w...Read more...

1 December 2012

CASEpaper
Mapping and measuring the distribution of household wealth: A cross-country analysis

Frank A Cowell, Eleni Karagiannaki and Abigail McKnight

In this paper we compare the level, composition and distribution of household wealth in five industrial countries: the UK, US, Italy, Finland and Sweden. We exploit the harmonized data within the Luxembourg Wealth Study,...Read more...

1 November 2012

CASEpaper
The effect of parental wealth on children’s outcomes in early adulthood

Eleni Karagiannaki

This paper presents the first UK estimates of the association between parental wealth during adolescence and a range of children’s outcomes in early adulthood. Parental wealth is positively associated with all outcomes e...Read more...

1 August 2012

CASEpaper
Migrants, Landlords and their Uneven Experiences of the Beijing Olympic Games

Hyun Bang Shin and Bingqin Li

Hosting of mega-events such as the Olympic Games tends to be accompanied by voluminous media coverage on the negative social impact of the Games, and the people in the affected areas are often considered to be one victim...Read more...

1 July 2012

CASEpaper
Using play to help families learn: Evaluation of Trafford Hall’s Playing 2 Learn Programme 2008-11

Laura Lane and Liz Richardson

The report describes the results of a three-year evaluation by LSE Housing and Communities of a family learning programme called Playing 2 Learn. The Playing 2 Learn programme was open to vulnerable families from low inc...Read more...

1 August 2012

CASEpaper
Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on future living standards in Europe

Aaron George Grech

Successive reforms enacted since the 1990s have dramatically changed Europe’s pensions landscape. This paper tries to assess the impact of recent reforms on the ability of systems to alleviate poverty and maintain living...Read more...

1 May 2012

CASEpaper
Localisation and the means test: A case study of support for English students from Autumn 2012

John Hills and Ben Richards

The combination of spending cuts, efforts to protect the poorest from some of their effects, and ‘localised’ decision-making are leading to an increase in the numbers of means tests designed by lower level institutions. ...Read more...

1 May 2012

CASEpaper
Deliberative research as a tool to make value judgements

Tania Burchardt

The ‘deliberative turn’ in democratic theory has generated a wealth of deliberative experiments. The purpose of deliberation as a research technique (as opposed to policymaking or public consultation) is distinctive: to ...Read more...

1 April 2012

CASEpaper
The Impact of School Context: What headteachers say

Martin Thrupp and Ruth Lupton

This paper reports the accounts of fifteen headteachers of primary schools in one local authority in the South East of England, including headteachers of schools that are amongst the most advantaged five per cent of scho...Read more...

1 December 2011

CASEpaper
Pathways and penalties: Mothers’ employment trajectories and wage growth in the Families and Children Study

Francesca Bastagli and Kitty Stewart

This paper uses panel data from the British Families and Children Study to analyse the employment patterns of women with children and the ways in which part-time work and interruptions in paid employment influence the wa...Read more...

1 December 2011

CASEpaper
Right to the city and critical reflections on property rights activism in China’s urban renewal contexts

Hyun Bang Shin

The rapid transformation of urban socio-spatial landscape in China has resulted in an increasing degree of frustration and discontent among local residents who face threats of demolition and eviction. This has given rise...Read more...

1 December 2011

CASEpaper
The Shifting Balance of Private and Public Welfare Activity in the United Kingdom, 1979 to 2007

Daniel Edmiston

The balance between private and public sectors in welfare activity in the UK has been documented by Burchardt (1997) and Smithies (2005) for three time periods; 1979/1980, 1995/1996 and 1999/2000. The existing evidence s...Read more...

1 December 2011

CASEpaper
Towards the ‘Big Society’: What role for neighbourhood working? Evidence from a comparative European study

Catherine Durose, Jonathan France, Liz Richardson and Ruth Lupton

Under the New Labour government, the neighbourhood emerged prominently as a site for policy interventions and as a space for civic activity, resulting in the widespread establishment of neighbourhood-level structures for...Read more...

1 October 2011

CASEpaper
Social Housing and Social Exclusion 2000-2011

Rebecca Tunstall

By some definitions, social housing, social housing tenants are necessarily socially excluded. In other terms, in 2000, social housing tenants were at greater risk of being socially excluded than owner occupiers and priv...Read more...

1 July 2011

CASEpaper
The distribution of total greenhouse gas emissions by households in the UK, and some implications for social policy

Ian Gough, Saamah Abdallah, Victoria Johnson, Josh Ryan-Collins and Cindy Smith

This paper maps the distribution of total direct and embodied emissions of greenhouse gases by households in the UK and goes on to analyse their main drivers. Previous research has studied the distribution of direct emis...Read more...

1 July 2011

CASEpaper
The Magnitude and Correlates of Inter-vivos Transfers in the UK

Eleni Karagiannaki

This paper uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and the Attitudes to Inheritances Survey to estimate the magnitude of and the factors that are correlated with private inter-household transfers from parents t...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
Inequality among the Wealthy

Frank A Cowell

Using the evidence from the Luxembourg Wealth Study it appears that the distribution of wealth in the UK is considerably less than in Canada, the US or Sweden. But does this result come from an underestimate of inequalit...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
Estimates of the asset-effect: The search for a causal effect of assets on adult health and employment outcomes

Abigail McKnight

In this paper we seek to determine the effect of assets held in early adult life on later outcomes. We specifically look at wages, employment prospects, general health and Malaise. The identification of an asset-effect t...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
The impact of inheritance on the distribution of wealth: Evidence from the UK

Eleni Karagiannaki

In this paper we examine how the distribution of wealth has been changing in UK over the period 1995 to 2005 and how the sum of inheritance received between 1996-2004 contributed to the observed trends in wealth accumula...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
A Wealth Tax Abandoned: The role of the UK Treasury 1974-6

Howard Glennerster

The distribution of wealth is widening in many countries and with it the importance of inherited wealth. In 1974 a Labour Government came to power in the United Kingdom committed to introducing an annual wealth tax. It l...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
Rrecent trends in the size and the distribution of inherited wealth in the UK

Eleni Karagiannaki

In this paper we document the evolution of the annual flow of inheritances in the UK during the period 1984-2005 and provide estimates for the overall magnitude and the distribution of inherited wealth. Our results indic...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
Fiscal costs of climate mitigation programmes in the UK: A challenge for social policy?

Samuel Marden and Ian Gough

This paper asks whether the policies and programmes enacted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the UK will compete with other goals of public policy, in particular social policy goals. The Climate Change Act 2008 has ...Read more...

June 2011

CASEpaper
Employment trajectories and later employment outcomes for mothers in the British Household Panel Survey: An analysis by skill level

Kitty Stewart

Maternal employment formed a central plank in the former Labour Government’s strategy to reduce child poverty. Even where potential jobs were low-skilled and low-paid, policy was explicitly work (rather than training) fi...Read more...

May 2011

CASEpaper
Growing Up in Social Housing in the New Millennium: Housing, Neighbourhoods, and Early Outcomes for Children Born in 2000

Rebecca Tunstall, Ruth Lupton, Dylan Kneale and Andrew Jenkins

This study draws on the Millennium Cohort Study to explore the housing and neighbourhood circumstances of children born in England in 2000 at the age of 5 in 2006. The majority of children experienced good housing condit...Read more...

February 2011

CASEpaper
Developing and agreeing a capability list in the British context: What can be learnt from social survey data on 'rights'?

Polly Vizard

The paper examines what can be learnt about the ‘valuation’ of freedoms and opportunities (or capabilities) using a general population social survey data source on values. On the assumption that rights can be understood ...Read more...

November 2010

CASEpaper
Are there neighbourhood effects on teenage parenthood in the UK, and does it matter for policy? A review of theory and evidence

Ruth Lupton and Dylan Kneale

This paper is a forerunner to an empirical study of neighbourhood effects on teenage parenthood using the British Cohort Study (BCS70). It reviews evidence for the existence of such effects within the quantitative 'neigh...Read more...

September 2010

CASEpaper
Assessing the sustainability of pension reforms in Europe

Aaron George Grech

Spurred by the ageing transition, many governments have made wide-ranging reforms, dramatically changing Europe's pensions landscape. Nevertheless there remain concerns about future costs, while unease about adequacy is ...Read more...

September 2010

CASEpaper
Reducing the Risks to Health: The role of social protection Report of the Social Protection Task Group for the Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post 2010

Howard Glennerster

We demonstrate that the introduction of social protection systems as well as their generosity and coverage have significant impacts on health. Who receives the benefits within the household affects the health outcomes fo...Read more...

June 2009

CASEpaper
Women’s family histories and incomes in later life in the UK, US and West Germany

Maria Evandrou, Jane Falkingham and Tom Sefton

Using data from several large scale longitudinal surveys, this paper investigates the relationship between older women’s families histories and their personal incomes in later life in the UK, US and West Germany, By comp...Read more...

June 2009

CASEpaper
The relationship between women’s work histories and incomes in later life in the UK, US and West Germany

Tom Sefton, Jane Falkingham and Maria Evandrou

Using data from several large scale longitudinal surveys, this paper investigates the relationship between older women’s personal incomes and their work histories in the UK, US and West Germany. By comparing three countr...Read more...

June 2009

CASEpaper
The Effect of Health on Consumption Decisions in Later Life: Evidence from the UK

Eleni Karagiannaki

The analysis in this paper focuses on the impact of health on the savings and consumption decisions of the elderly. In principle, there are at least five alternative channels through which health may affect consumption a...Read more...

January 2009

CASEpaper
Family ties: Women’s work and family histories and their association with incomes in later life in the UK

Tom Sefton, Maria Evandrou and Jane Falkingham

This paper examines the relationship between the family and work histories of older women in the UK and their individual incomes in later life, using retrospective data from the first fifteen waves of the British Househo...Read more...

December 2008

CASEpaper
The Impact of Policy Change on Job Retention and Advancement

Richard Dickens and Abigail McKnight

This paper examines the impact of the Working Families Tax Credit (WFTC) on employment retention and advancement. The WFTC, which replaced Family Credit in October 1999, supplemented earnings of low paid workers living i...Read more...

October 2008

CASEpaper
Assimilation of Migrants into the British Labour Market

Richard Dickens and Abigail McKnight

This paper discusses the extent to which migrants to Britain have been assimilated into the workforce. Migration into Britain has increased over the last 25 years, with a big increase in inflows in recent years. The pape...Read more...

October 2008

CASEpaper
Changes in earnings inequality and mobility in Great Britain 1978/9-2005/6

Richard Dickens and Abigail McKnight

This paper examines changes in earnings inequality and mobility between 1978/9 and 2005/6 using a unique dataset that includes both those with secure patterns of employment and a wider group who experience periods withou...Read more...

October 2008

CASEpaper
Welfare Reform in the United States: Implications for British Social Policy (with commentaries by Kitty Stewart, David Piachaud and Howard Glennerster)

James Midgley

Recent government pronouncements in the UK and above all the recent Conservative Party (2008) policy document on welfare reform suggest that US welfare reform is increasingly being taken as a model for the UK. What lesso...Read more...

April 2008

CASEpaper
Driven to swim with the tide? Urban redevelopment and community participation in China

Hyun Bang Shin

Over the last decade, there has been growing attention to the issue of neighbourhood governance and community participation in China. The focus has been on the extent to which community involvement in rule-making and dec...Read more...

February 2008

CASEpaper
Understanding the relationship between parental income and multiple child outcomes: A decomposition analysis

Paul Gregg, Carol Propper and Elizabeth Washbrook

In this paper we explore the association between family income and children’s cognitive ability (IQ and school performance), socio-emotional outcomes (self esteem, locus of control and behavioural problems) and physical ...Read more...

December 2007

CASEpaper
Are current levels of air pollution in England too high? The impact of pollution on population mortality

Katharina Janke, Carol Propper and J. Vernon Henderson

We examine the relationship between common sources of airborne pollution and population mortality in present day England. The current air quality limit values are low by both historical and international standards, and t...Read more...

December 2007

CASEpaper
Freedom to be a Child: Commercial Pressures on Children

David Piachaud

Children’s lives have been transformed over the past century. Family incomes have increased, children lead more solitary lives, attitudes to childhood have changed, new products have been developed and commercial pressur...Read more...

July 2007

CASEpaper
Welfare Reforms and Child Well-Being in the US and UK

Jane Waldfogel

This paper examines the effects of recent welfare reforms in the US and UK on the well-being of children in low-income families, looking specifically at the effects on poverty, family expenditures, and child health and d...Read more...

July 2007

CASEpaper
Socio-Economic Status and Child Behaviour: Evidence from a contemporary UK cohort

Carol Propper and John A. Rigg

This paper examines whether and how socio-economic status is associated with children’s behavioural development in today’s children. Using a large cohort of English children born in the early 1990s we find significant so...Read more...

July 2007

CASEpaper
Refinancing Europe’s Higher Education through Deferred and Income-Contingent Fees: An empirical assessment using Belgian, German and UK data

Vincent Vandenberghe and O Debande

The arguments for refinancing the European Union’s (EU) higher education via higher tuition fees largely rest on preserving the profitability of the educational investment and offering deferred and income-contingent paym...Read more...

June 2007

CASEpaper
Family Income and Tertiary Education Attendance across the EU: An empirical assessment using sibling data

Vincent Vandenberghe

There is plenty of evidence across the EU to suggest that young people from poorer backgrounds are less likely to attend tertiary education than their better-off peers. This correlation is often used to justify monetary ...Read more...

June 2007

CASEpaper
Employment trajectories for mothers in low-skilled work: Evidence from the British Lone Parent Cohort

Kitty Stewart

UK government policy encourages mothers of young children in low-income families to enter or return to work, via tax credit subsidies and support for childcare. Maternal employment is seen a central plank in the campaign...Read more...

May 2007

CASEpaper
Developing a capability list: Final Recommendations of the Equalities Review Steering Group on Measurement

Polly Vizard and Tania Burchardt

In October 2007, a unified Commission on Equality and Human Rights (CEHR) will begin operation in Britain. The Commission will have responsibility for monitoring and promoting human rights and equality on the grounds of ...Read more...

April 2007

CASEpaper
Definition of equality and framework for measurement: Final Recommendations of the Equalities Review Steering Group on Measurement

Tania Burchardt and Polly Vizard

In October 2007, a unified Commission on Equality and Human Rights (CEHR) will begin operation in Britain. The Commission will have responsibility for monitoring and promoting human rights and equality on the grounds of ...Read more...

April 2007

CASEpaper
Child Support Awards in Britain: An analysis of data from the Families and Children Study

Stephen Morris

This paper examines the extent to which mothers that care for children where the father is non-resident have an award or agreement for child support in place. Data from the Families and Children Study are used to explore...Read more...

April 2007

CASEpaper
Understanding low achievement in English schools

Geeta Gandhi Kingdon and Robert Cassen

Tens of thousands of young people leave school with no or very few qualifications in England. This paper seeks to build a fuller picture of Key Stage 4 low achievement and its correlates than available hitherto. We focus...Read more...

June 2007

CASEpaper
Using the British Household Panel Survey to explore changes in housing tenure in England

Tom Sefton

Very little information exists about households’ longer-term movements between tenures. Some cross-section datasets include information on length of stay in any residence but we have no systematic study of movement over ...Read more...

February 2007

CASEpaper
Pension Policy in EU25 and its Possible Impact on Elderly Poverty

Asghar Zaidi, Aaron George Grech and Michael Fuchs

This paper reviews changes in pension policies in EU countries between 1995 and 2005 and describes how they might affect risk of poverty for future pensioner populations. The pension landscape in Europe has changed consi...Read more...

December 2006

CASEpaper
Tibor Barna: The redistributive impact of taxes and social policies in the UK: 1937-2005

Howard Glennerster

Regular annual studies made by the Office of National Statistics in the UK are intended to show how far taxing household incomes and giving benefits in cash and kind to households redistributes income from rich to poor. ...Read more...

December 2006

CASEpaper
Work-Life Balance in a Low-Income Neighbourhood

Hartley Dean and Alice Coulter

‘Work-life balance’ generally refers to how people may combine paid employment with family responsibilities. The UK government’s attempts to promote work-life balance are connected to wider concerns to maximise labour-fo...Read more...

November 2006

CASEpaper
The Social Protection of Rural Workers in the Construction Industry in Urban China

Bingqin Li and Huamin Peng

The construction industry is important for Chinese rural to urban migrants. Over 90% of urban construction workers are rural migrants, and over a third of all rural migrants work in construction. The construction industr...Read more...

November 2006

CASEpaper
Transition from Work to Retirement in EU25

Asghar Zaidi, Mattia Makovec and Michael Fuchs

The policy agenda of extending working lives requires a holistic understanding of factors underlying the decision of older workers to withdraw from work and to retire. This brief paper presents employment patterns and tr...Read more...

October 2006

CASEpaper
Foundations for measuring equality: A discussion paper for the Equalities Review

Tania Burchardt

The Equalities Review is an independent panel set up by the UK government in 2005 to investigate the persistence of social inequalities and to make recommendations for the development of a unified Commission for Equality...Read more...

June 2006

CASEpaper
From Beveridge to Turner: Demography, Distribution and the Future of Pensions in the UK

John Hills

This article outlines the recommendations of the UK Pensions Commission, and the data and analysis on which they were based, including projections of demographic change, trends in private pension saving, and evolution of...Read more...

June 2006

CASEpaper
Understanding socio-economic inequalities in childhood respiratory health

Carol Propper and John A. Rigg

Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Recent evidence has shown a socio-economic gradient in its distribution. This paper examines whether a number of factors argued to have led to a rise in the inciden...Read more...

March 2006

CASEpaper
Assessing the impact of illness, caring and ethnicity on social activity

Lucinda Platt

It has long been accepted that lack of social participation in wider society is one aspect or one definition of poverty. Current concerns with the extent and distribution of social capital as both a measure of a good soc...Read more...

March 2006

CASEpaper
Exploring the effects of integrated benefit systems and active labour market policies: Evidence from Jobcentre Plus in the UK

Eleni Karagiannaki

In April 2002 Jobcentre Plus started to operate in the UK bringing together the service of the Benefits Agency and the Employment Service. Offering a fully integrated benefit claiming and work placement/job-seeking servi...Read more...

February 2006

CASEpaper
Modelling poverty by not modelling poverty: An application of a simultaneous hazards approach to the UK

Arnstein Aassve, Simon Burgess, Matt Dickson and Carol Propper

We pursue an economic approach to analysing poverty. This requires a focus on the variables that individuals can influence, such as forming or dissolving a union or having children. We argue that this indirect approach t...Read more...

January 2006

CASEpaper
The Dynamics of School Attainment of England's Ethnic Minorities

Deborah Wilson, Simon Burgess and Adam Briggs

We exploit a universe dataset of state school students in England with linked test score records to document the evolution of attainment through school for different ethnic groups. The analysis yields a number of strikin...Read more...

January 2006

CASEpaper
Changes in the Living Arrangements of Elderly People in Greece: 1974-1999

Eleni Karagiannaki

During the period 1974-1999 the percentage of elderly living with their children in Greece reduced from 55 per cent to about 32 per cent. In this paper we examine determinants of the decrease in intergenerational co-resi...Read more...

November 2005

CASEpaper
Labour Market Disadvantage amongst Disabled People: A longitudinal perspective

John A. Rigg

Considerable cross-sectional evidence has highlighted the lower employment rates and earnings amongst disabled people in Britain. But very little is known about the progression of disabled people in employment. This stud...Read more...

November 2005

CASEpaper
Health Supplier Quality and the Distribution of Child Health

Carol Propper, John A. Rigg and Simon Burgess

There is emerging evidence to suggest that initial differentials between the health of poor and more affluent children in the UK do not widen over early childhood. One reason may be that through the universal public fund...Read more...

June 2005

CASEpaper
Parallel lives? Ethnic segregation in schools and neighbourhoods

Simon Burgess, Deborah Wilson and Ruth Lupton

We provide evidence on the extent of ethnic segregation experienced by children across secondary schools and neighbourhoods (wards). Using 2001 Schools Census and Population Census data we employ the indices of dissimila...Read more...

June 2005

CASEpaper
Non-residential Fatherhood and Child Involvement: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study

Kathleen E Kiernan

Fifteen per cent of British babies are now born to parents who are neither cohabiting nor married. Little is known about non-residential fatherhood that commences with the birth of a child. Here, we use the Millennium Co...Read more...

May 2005

CASEpaper
Expenditure Patterns Post-Welfare Reform in the UK: Are low-income families starting to catch up?

Paul Gregg, Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook

In this paper we provide evidence on how the UK government’s welfare reforms since 1998 have affected the material well-being of children in low-income families. We examine changes in expenditure patterns and ownership o...Read more...

May 2005

CASEpaper
Parental Investment in Childhood and Later Adult Well-Being: Can More Involved Parents Offset the Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage?

Darcy Hango

Parental involvement in their children’s lives can have a lasting impact on well-being. More involved parents convey to their children that they are interested in their development, and this in turn signals to the child ...Read more...

May 2005

CASEpaper
Jobcentre Plus or Minus? Exploring the performance of Jobcentre Plus for non-jobseekers

Eleni Karagiannaki

Since April 2002 Jobcentre Plus has started to operate nationwide in the UK providing fully integrated benefit claiming and work placement/job-seeking activities for people of working age. This new organisation put an ex...Read more...

March 2005

CASEpaper
Perceptions of Redistribution: Report on exploratory qualitative research

Alan Hedges

This paper represents the results of a small-scale qualitative study, exploring public perceptions of the redistributive effects of taxation and public spending in the UK. Redistribution is not at the top of people’s min...Read more...

March 2005

CASEpaper
An exploration of childhood antecedents of female adult malaise in two British birth cohorts: Combining Bayesian model averaging and recursive partitioning

John Hobcraft and Wendy Sigle-Rushton

We use information from two prospective British birth cohort studies to explore the antecedents of adult malaise, an indicator of incipient depression. These studies include a wealth of information on childhood circumsta...Read more...

March 2005

CASEpaper
Knowing what is good for you: Empirical analysis of personal preferences and the 'objective good'

Orsolya Lelkes

This paper aims to test empirically if certain frequently used measures of well-being, which are regarded as valuable properties of human life, are actually desired by people. In other words, it investigates whether the ...Read more...

March 2005

CASEpaper
Public and Private Welfare Activity in the United Kingdom, 1979 to 1999

Rachel Smithies

This paper analyses the shifting balance between public sector and private sector welfare provision in the United Kingdom over the past two decades. Five sectors – education, health, personal social services, housing, an...Read more...

March 2005

CASEpaper
Helter Skelter: Families, disabled children and the benefit system

Gabrielle Preston

Families with disabled children are susceptible to poverty because low income is compounded by high costs. Combing caring with employment is extremely difficult, so families are heavily reliant upon benefits. But do disa...Read more...

February 2005

CASEpaper
The Contributions of Professor Amartya Sen in the Field of Human Rights

Polly Vizard

This paper analyses the work of the Nobel Prize winning economist Professor Amartya Sen from the perspective of human rights. It assesses the ways in which Sen’s research agenda has deepened and expanded human rights dis...Read more...

January 2005

CASEpaper
Teenage Expectations and Desires about Family Formation in the United States

Robert D. Plotnick

Using data collected in 2000 on a racially and ethnically diverse sample of high school seniors (typically 17-18 years old), this study analyzes teenagers’ expectations and desires about marriage, having children, and be...Read more...

December 2004

CASEpaper
Income Mobility in Old Age in Britain and Germany

Asghar Zaidi, Joachim R. Frick and Felix Büchel

The increases in human longevity in recent decades and the trends for early retirement have posed new challenges for policy makers, and require a holistic understanding of the processes that influence the economic resour...Read more...

December 2004

CASEpaper
Social Mobility, Life Chances, and the Early Years

Jane Waldfogel

It is widely agreed that the early years are a particularly important time for efforts to increase social mobility, because a good deal of inequality is already apparent by the time children start school, and because chi...Read more...

November 2004

CASEpaper
Poverty and Inequality and Social Policy in China

Bingqin Li and David Piachaud

Despite prolonged economic growth, poverty has become a more notable and noted feature of Chinese society. The paper examines three phases of development since the foundation of the People’s Republic: the central plannin...Read more...

November 2004

CASEpaper
One man's rags are another man's riches: Identifying adaptive preferences using panel data

Tania Burchardt

One of the motivations frequently cited by Sen and Nussbaum for moving away from a utility metric towards a capabilities framework is a concern about adaptive preferences or conditioned expectations. If utility is relate...Read more...

December 2004

CASEpaper
The Impact of Low Income on Child Health: Evidence from a Birth Cohort Study

Simon Burgess, Carol Propper and John A. Rigg

There is a growing literature that shows that higher family income is associated with better health for children. Wealthier parents may have more advantaged children because they have more income to buy health care or be...Read more...

May 2004

CASEpaper
Employment, Family Union, and Childbearing Decisions in Great Britain

Arnstein Aassve, Simon Burgess, Carol Propper and Matt Dickson

The paper investigates the relationship between work and family life in Britain. Using appropriate statistical techniques we estimate a five-equation model, which includes birth events, union formation, union dissolution...Read more...

April 2004

CASEpaper
Developing Family Development Accounts in Taipei: Policy innovation from income to assets

Li-Chen Cheng

In July 2000, the Taipei City Government launched an anti-poverty program, Taipei Family Development Accounts, which drew heavily on Sherraden¿s asset-based welfare theory, and was to provide matched savings accounts for...Read more...

March 2004

CASEpaper
Urban Social Exclusion in Transitional China

Bingqin Li

This paper demonstrates that urban social exclusion in China does not only include restricted participation by the ¿underclass¿ in urban life, but also the deprivation of certain political, social and economic rights. In...Read more...

March 2004

CASEpaper
Income Dynamics and the Life Cycle

John A. Rigg and Tom Sefton

This paper argues that our understanding of income and poverty dynamics benefits from taking a life cycle perspective. A person¿s age and family circumstances ¿ the factors that shape their life cycle ¿ affect the likeli...Read more...

February 2004

CASEpaper
The Economic Basis of Social Class

John H Goldthorpe and Abigail McKnight

In this paper we adopt a theory of class positions based on employment relations to assess what implications individuals¿ class positions have for their economic life. In particular we consider economic security (the ris...Read more...

February 2004

CASEpaper
Ethnic Segretation in England's Schools

Simon Burgess and Deborah Wilson

We document ethnic segregation in secondary schools in England in 2001 in order to contribute to the debate on the degree of ethnic group social integration. We use indices of dissimilarity and isolation to compare the p...Read more...

February 2004

CASEpaper
Intergenerational and Life-Course Transmission of Social Exclusion in the 1970 British Cohort Study

Wendy Sigle-Rushton

This study used data from the British Cohort Study to examine the relationships between childhood background experiences and a variety of indicators of adult well-being. Similar to an earlier study that analyses the Nati...Read more...

February 2004

CASEpaper
Neighbourhood Management and the Future of Urban Areas

Anne Power

This paper is about low-income neighbourhoods, their organisation and management. It is not a study in deprivation, but is about problem-solving, about the reforms in delivery underway in Britain, about long run attempts...Read more...

January 2004

CASEpaper
Schools in Disadvantaged Areas: Recognising context and raising quality

Ruth Lupton

Both educational attainment and school quality are typically lower in disadvantaged areas than others and much recent policy attention has been focused on each. This paper looks at the quality problem, exploring the rela...Read more...

January 2004

CASEpaper
Individual Choice and Social Exclusion

Julian Le Grand

Why is social exclusion a problem? What about ¿voluntary¿ social exclusion ¿ when an individual chooses to exclude him or herself from the wider society? Brain Barry has addressed these questions in a recent CASE book, a...Read more...

December 2003

CASEpaper
Disability and Disadvantage: Selection, onset and duration effects

Stephen P Jenkins and John A. Rigg

This paper analyses the economic disadvantage experienced by disabled persons of working-age using data from the British Household Panel Survey. We argue that there are three sources of disadvantage among disabled person...Read more...

November 2003

CASEpaper
'Neighbourhood Effects': Can we measure them and does it matter?

Ruth Lupton

Renewed interest in disadvantaged neighbourhoods is generating increasing research activity. Current work includes qualitative community studies and quantitative investigations of area effects on individual outcomes. Thi...Read more...

November 2003

CASEpaper
The Effect of Unobservables on Labour Supply Decisions: The formal and informal sector during transition

Ceema Zahra Namazie

The transition from a command economy in the FSU resulted in increased activities in the informal sector. However despite prevalent delays in wage payments many workers were still observed to be working full-time in the ...Read more...

June 2003

CASEpaper
Identifying Vulnerable Groups in the Kyrgyz Labour Market: Some Implications for the National Poverty Reduction Strategy

Sabine Bernabe and Alexandre Kolev

This paper investigates the overlap between employment status and poverty, drawing particular attention to the working poor and precarious workers, and to the existence of multiple labor-related risks faced by specific g...Read more...

June 2003

CASEpaper
Is Targeting Deprived Areas an Effective Means to Reach Poor People? An assessment of one rationale for area-based funding programmes

Rebecca Tunstall and Ruth Lupton

Area-based programmes have long been a feature of urban policy in the UK. One rationale is that they are an effective means to target poor people. Area deprivation indices are used to identify areas for targeting. This p...Read more...

June 2003

CASEpaper
Why Labour Hoarding may be Rational: A model of firm behaviour during transition

Ceema Zahra Namazie

In the Former Soviet Union, the early 1990s were characterized by large falls in GDP and small changes to already low unemployment. The slow adjustment to unemployment was a result of employers using various means to mai...Read more...

May 2003

CASEpaper
Inclusion or Insurance? National Insurance and the future of the contributory principle

John Hills

This paper examines the decline of National Insurance in Britain, as witnessed by its declining share of all social security spending and the steady dilution of the ¿contributory principle¿ on which it was originally bas...Read more...

May 2003

CASEpaper
Reviewing the Terms of Inclusion: Transactional processes, currencies and context

Sally Witcher

This paper sets out an overarching theoretical framework for explaining and exploring the processes of social exclusion, incorporating themes from the literature. It proposes that inclusion hinges on participation in soc...Read more...

April 2003

CASEpaper
Continuity and Change in Pathways to Young Adult Disadvantage: Results from a British Birth Cohort

John Hobcraft

A life-course account of the pathways to adult social exclusion for children born in 1958 is explored. We identify the pervasive childhood factors, associated with a wide range of adult disadvantage, and specific life-co...Read more...

April 2003

CASEpaper
Cohabitation and divorce across nations and generations

Kathleen E Kiernan

Parental divorce has been an increasing experience amongst the generations of children born since the 1970s in European countries. This study analyses data on the partnership and parenthood behaviour of those children wh...Read more...

March 2003

CASEpaper
Comparing incomes when needs differ: Equivalisation for the extra costs of disability in the UK

Asghar Zaidi and Tania Burchardt

Equivalisation of incomes for household size and composition is accepted practice when measuring poverty and inequality; adjustments to take account of other variations in needs are rarely made. This paper explores the f...Read more...

February 2003

CASEpaper
Changing Poverty Post-1997

David Piachaud and Holly Sutherland

The paper analyses changes in poverty in Britain since 1997. A poverty level of 60 percent of median equivalised income is used. The first part examines the changes that occurred between 1996/7 and 2000/1 as shown by the...Read more...

December 2002

CASEpaper
Recent Changes in the Distribution of the Social Wage

Tom Sefton

This paper examines the distribution of the ¿social wage¿ benefits in kind from welfare services, including the National Health Service, state education, social housing, and personal social services. The current Governme...Read more...

December 2002

CASEpaper
The Economic Determinants of Truancy

Simon Burgess, Karen Gardiner and Carol Propper

Truancy is often seen as irrational behaviour on the part of school age youth. This paper takes the opposite view and models truancy as the solution to a time allocation problem in which youths derive current returns fro...Read more...

September 2002

CASEpaper
Capital and the Determinants of Poverty and Social Exclusion

David Piachaud

Types of capital which determine the ability of individuals, of communities and of nations to avoid poverty and social exclusion are analysed. This analysis draws on changing explanations of economic growth and the recen...Read more...

September 2002

CASEpaper
Tasting Freedom: Happiness, religion and economic transition

Orsolya Lelkes

Economic transition lowered happiness on average, but did not affect all equally. This paper uses Hungarian survey data to study the impact of religion and economic transition on happiness. Religious involvement contribu...Read more...

August 2002

CASEpaper
Smart Growth: The Future of the American Metropolis?

Bruce Katz

In the past few years, widespread frustration with sprawling development patterns has precipitated an explosion in innovative thinking and action across the United States. This new thinking ¿ generally labeled as ¿smart ...Read more...

July 2002

CASEpaper
Outsider and Insider Expertise: The response of residents of deprived neighbourhoods to an academic definition of social exclusion

Liz Richardson and Julian Le Grand

The aim of this paper is to compare academic interpretations of the term social exclusion with the understanding of people with direct experience of the phenomenon. A pre-selected group of residents of deprived neighbour...Read more...

April 2002

CASEpaper
Informal Employment in Countries in Transition: A conceptual framework

Sabine Bernabe

In the past few years the informal sector in countries in transition has increasingly become the focus of research, public policy and the media. The term ¿informal sector¿ has been used to describe an extremely wide spec...Read more...

April 2002

CASEpaper
Constraint and Opportunity: Identifying Voluntary Non-Employment

Tania Burchardt and Julian Le Grand

This paper assesses the extent to which the behaviour of an individual is the result of the constraints that he or she faces, or the result of his or her preferences. It concentrates on participation or non-participation...Read more...

April 2002

CASEpaper
Sheer Class? The Extent and Sources of Variation in the UK Graduate Earnings Premium

Robin A. Naylor, Jeremy Smith and Abigail McKnight

In this paper, we use the individual-level USR data for the whole population of 1993 leavers from the ¿old¿ universities of the UK to investigate the determinants of graduate occupational earnings. Among other results, w...Read more...

March 2002

CASEpaper
Measuring Well-Being and Exclusion in Europe's Regions

Kitty Stewart

The Lisbon summit of the European Council in March 2000 declared the number of people living in poverty and social exclusion in the European Union to be unacceptable, and called for steps to tackle the issue, beginning w...Read more...

March 2002

CASEpaper
Expanding the Domain of Policy-Relevant Scholarship in the Social Sciences

William Julius Wilson

In this paper the author argues that social scientists need to do more to provide policy-relevant research. Rapid technological and economic change raise new issues about how policy should adjust that are not adequately ...Read more...

February 2002

CASEpaper
Social Exclusion and Children: A European view for a US debate

John Micklewright

The concept of social exclusion has been widely debated in Europe but its application to children has seen relatively little discussion. What could be meant by exclusion of children is the first main theme of the paper. ...Read more...

February 2002

CASEpaper
United Kingdom Education 1997-2001

Howard Glennerster

This paper reviews the achievements of the Labour Government's education policy between 1997 and 2001. Tony Blair claimed that his Government would make education a priority. The first part of the paper reviews the scale...Read more...

November 2001

CASEpaper
Growing Up: School, family and area influences on adolescents' later life chances

Simon Burgess, Karen Gardiner and Carol Propper

This paper explores the links between school, family and area background influences during adolescence and later adult economic outcomes. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the period 1979 to 1996, drawn fr...Read more...

September 2001

CASEpaper
The Future of Social Justice in Britain: A New Mission for the Community Legal Service

Jonas Stein

This paper explores the disjuncture in the New Labour Government between the largest reform in fifty years of the nation's Legal Aid system and the concurrent pursuit of progressive anti-poverty, social inclusion, commun...Read more...

August 2001

CASEpaper
Welfare Reform and Lone Mothers' Employment in the US

Jane Waldfogel, Sandra K. Danziger, Sheldon Danziger and Kristin Seefeldt

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 represents a dramatic change in the US welfare state. One of its key goals was to move lone mothers, even those with young children, fr...Read more...

June 2001

CASEpaper
Why rising tides don't lift all boats? An explanation of the relationship between poverty and unemployment in Britain

Simon Burgess, Karen Gardiner and Carol Propper

Abstract: This paper is motivated by the lack of any obvious relationship between aggregate poverty and unemployment in Great Britain. We derive a framework based on individuals' risks of unemployment and poverty, and ho...Read more...

February 2001

CASEpaper
Satisfaction and Expectations: Attitudes to public services in deprived areas

Bobby Duffy

Based on outcomes for residents and qualitative studies, it is widely thought that public services meet the needs of residents less well in deprived areas, and that this is due to both the demands placed on services bein...Read more...

December 2000

CASEpaper
Getting Less for More: Economic Evaluation in the Social Welfare Field

Tom Sefton

Economic evaluation has an important role in helping to make decisions about the use of scarce resources in an explicit and rational manner, yet economic evaluation is not well-developed in many areas of social welfare. ...Read more...

November 2000

CASEpaper
The Roles of Schooling and Educational Qualifications in the Emergence of Adult Social Exclusion

John Hobcraft

From a detailed analysis of the roles of childhood experience, schooling and educational qualifications in the emergence of adult social exclusion, two key patterns emerge: Educational qualifications show a strong relati...Read more...

December 2000

CASEpaper
US Poverty Studies and Poverty Measurement: The past 25 years

Howard Glennerster

This paper discusses the contribution made by American social scientists to the study of poverty in the past twenty five years. It has three parts. The first concentrates on the measurement of poverty and the fact that t...Read more...

October 2000

CASEpaper
Taxation for the Enabling State

John Hills

This paper takes as its starting point Henry Neuburger's injunction that taxation must be seen as a contribution to the maintenance of the welfare state, not as a dead-weight burden. It sets recent developments in the UK...Read more...

August 2000

CASEpaper
Measuring Income Risk

Simon Burgess, Karen Gardiner, Stephen P Jenkins and Carol Propper

We provide a critique of the methods that have been used to derive measures of income risk and draw attention to the importance of demographic factors as a source of income risk. We also propose new measures of the contr...Read more...

June 2000

CASEpaper
A Profile of Poverty in Tajikistan

Jane Falkingham

This paper examines the profile of poverty in Tajikistan, the most remote and poorest of the independent states of the Former Soviet Union. Data is used from the first nationally representative household survey conducted...Read more...

April 2000

CASEpaper
How Effective is the British Government's Attempt to Reduce Child Poverty?

David Piachaud and Holly Sutherland

The new Labour Government in Britain has made the reduction of child poverty one of its central objectives. This paper describes the specific initiatives involved in Labour's approach and weighs them up in terms of their...Read more...

March 2000

CASEpaper
Homelessness and Vulnerable Young People: A social audit of KeyChange Charity's supported accommodation

Megan Ravenhill

Homelessness is still an ever-present problem in many towns and cities in the UK today. This paper is part of a more in-depth study of homelessness and social exclusion. It presents the results of a small-scale study, wh...Read more...

March 2000

CASEpaper
The Dynamics of Being Disabled

Tania Burchardt

Government policies on disability - and criticism of them - rest in part on an understanding of the circumstances of disabled people informed by cross-sectional survey data, dividing the population into 'the disabled' an...Read more...

February 2000

CASEpaper
Social Exclusion and the Future of Cities

Anne Power and William Julius Wilson

In both Britain and the United States, people have been moving away from the inner cities to suburban developments, often leaving behind concentrations of poverty and decaying neighbourhoods. Anne Power's paper focuses o...Read more...

February 2000

CASEpaper
Investing in Children: What do we know? What should we do?

Sheldon Danziger and Jane Waldfogel

In 1998, a conference brought together US psychologists, economists, sociologists, demographers, political scientists, social workers, and medical doctors, to review what we know about the processes that affect child dev...Read more...

February 2000

CASEpaper
Low Inequality with Low Redistribution? An analysis of income distribution in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan compared to Britain

Didier Jacobs

This article is a comparative analysis of the sources of income inequality in four countries, namely Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. It relies upon decompositions of inequality measures by population g...Read more...

January 2000

CASEpaper
The Class of '81: The effects of early-career unemployment on subsequent unemployment experiences

Simon Burgess, Carol Propper, Hedley Rees and Arran Shearer

We examine whether unemployment early in an individual's career influences her later employment prospects. We use six years of the LFS to create pseudo-cohorts and exploit cross-cohort variation in unemployment at school...Read more...

December 1999

CASEpaper
Neighbourhood Management

Anne Power and Emmet Bergin

The way we run urban neighbourhoods in Britain is a key to reversing social exclusion, crime and poor performance on almost every front in our cities. This study for the Social Exclusion Unit of seven models of neighbour...Read more...

December 1999

CASEpaper
The Family Gap in Pay: Evidence from Seven Industrialised Countries

Susan Harkness and Jane Waldfogel

In this paper we use microdata on employment and earnings from a variety of industrialised countries to investigate the family gap in pay - the differential in hourly wages between women with children and women without c...Read more...

December 1999

CASEpaper
Schools, Education and Social Exclusion

Jo Sparkes

A review of research evidence suggests that low levels of educational attainment are crucial in generating and sustaining social exclusion. Test scores at school are the most effective predictor of many adult outcomes. S...Read more...

November 1999

CASEpaper
Childhood Poverty, Early Motherhood and Adult Social Exclusion

John Hobcraft and Kathleen E Kiernan

Childhood poverty and early parenthood are both high on the political agenda. The key new issue addressed in this research is the relative importance of childhood poverty and of early motherhood as correlates of outcomes...Read more...

July 1999

CASEpaper
Income Transfers to the Elderly in East Asia: Testing Asian Values

Huck-ju Kwon

This article examines the role of family and the state in relation to the living standards of the elderly in East Asia. It tries to test whether familial arrangement according to Confucian ethics, which are still taken s...Read more...

June 1999

CASEpaper
The Evolution of Disability Benefits in the UK: Re-weighting the basket

Tania Burchardt

This paper attempts to clarify the significance of reforms to disability benefits proposed by the New Labour government in 1998, by setting them in the context of the development of disability benefits in the early 1970s...Read more...

June 1999

CASEpaper
Area-based Initiatives: The rationale and options for area targeting

Gillian R Smith

This paper explores the rationale for area targeting and the growth of new area-based initiatives. The author examines the geographical concentration of deprivation, the extent, and whether there is a polarisation betwee...Read more...

May 1999

CASEpaper
Partnership in Pensions? Responses to the Pensions Green Paper

Phil Agulnik, Nicholas Barr, Jane Falkingham and Katherine Rake

The government's pensions Green Paper 'a new contract for welfare: partnership in pensions' proposes fundamental changes to the UK's retirement income system. Members of CASE and the Department of Social Policy at LSE ha...Read more...

April 1999

CASEpaper
Tightropes and Tripwires: New Labour's Proposals and Means-testing in Old Age

Katherine Rake, Jane Falkingham and Martin Evans

This paper analyses the Government's proposals contained in A New Contract for Welfare: Partnership in Pensions. It examines the position of low paid workers and the potential of the proposals to protect individuals from...Read more...

April 1999

CASEpaper
Poverty, Social Exclusion and Neighbourhood: Studying the area bases of social exclusion

Howard Glennerster, Ruth Lupton, Philip Noden and Anne Power

Are-based policies have become a significant part of the new Labour Government's approach to tackling social exclusion. This paper reviews the long-running debate about whether area-based policies can make a significant ...Read more...

March 1999

CASEpaper
Early Childhood Interventions and Outcomes (summarised in CASEreport 5, 'Persistent Poverty and Lifetime Inequality')

Jane Waldfogel

Recent advances in brain research have provided new evidence that early experience matters and have greatly increased interest in the effects of early childhood interventions on outcomes for children. This paper reviews ...Read more...

February 1999

CASEpaper
Welfare in Transition: Trends in Poverty and Well-being in Central Asia

Jane Falkingham

This paper examines the impact of the transition on living standards and welfare in the five Republics of former Soviet Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, along with the Republ...Read more...

February 1999

CASEpaper
The Decline of Employment Among Older People in Britain

Nigel Campbell

Older men have experienced the largest falls in employment over the last twenty years. Two-fifths of men aged between 55 and 65 are without work, compared to one-fifth in 1979, equivalent to 600,000 fewer jobs. Older wom...Read more...

January 1999

CASEpaper
Fair Shares for All? The development of needs based governmental funding in education, health and housing

Ross Hendry

Furthering equity as an achievable public policy objective is based on the ability to assess needs accurately, and distribute resources accordingly. This paper plots the development of the formulae governing resouce allo...Read more...

November 1998

CASEpaper
When Work Disappears: New Implications for Race and Urban Poverty in the Global Economy

William Julius Wilson

This paper discusses the impact of growing joblessness and dwindling work opportunities on inner-city areas in America. The lack of low-skilled manual work in the inner city is linked to poverty, crime, family dissolutio...Read more...

November 1998

CASEpaper
Measuring Income Mobility with Dirty Data (published in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22(3), May 1999)

Frank A Cowell and Christian Schluter

We examine the performance of measures of mobility when allowance is made for the possibility of data contamination. We find that 'single-stage' indices - those that are applied directly to a sample from a multivariate i...Read more...

November 1998

CASEpaper
Intergenerational and Life-Course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences and Childhood Poverty, Family Disruption and Contact with the Police

John Hobcraft

This study uses data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS), a longitudinal study of children born in 1958, to examine the following questions. How far is social exclusion and disadvantage transmitted from pare...Read more...

November 1998

CASEpaper
Fathers under Fire: The Revolution in Child Support Enforcement in the USA (This CASEpaper is a summary of the book by the same title and authors, published by the Russel Sage Foundation, 1998)

Irwin Garfinkel, Sara Mclanahan, Daniel Meyer and Judith Seltzer

In the shadow of rising divorce and non-marital birth rates, nearly two-thirds of all American children today will live apart from at least one of their parents, usually the father. Clearly this astonishing proportion of...Read more...

August 1998

CASEpaper
Thatcherism, New Labour and the Welfare State (chapter in 'New Labour: A turning point in British Politics', H Kastgendiek and R Stimshoff (eds), Philo, 1999)

John Hills

This paper examines the extent to which the policies towards the welfare state pursued by the Labour Government in its first fifteen months represent a break with those of its Conservative predecessor and with earlier po...Read more...

August 1998

CASEpaper
Social Exclusion, Social Isolation and the Distribution of Income

Brian Barry

Social exclusion can be distinguished from social isolation, defining social isolation as the phenomenon of non-participation (of an individual or group) in a society's mainstream institutions, while reserving 'social ex...Read more...

August 1998

CASEpaper
Include Me Out? The New Politics of Place and Poverty (published in 'Policy Studies', 21:1, April 2000)

Mark Kleinman

London is being successfully regenerated at present, yet poverty and social exclusion are increasing. The paradox is explained in part by the openness of the London economy and the lack of basic skills of a substantial m...Read more...

August 1998

CASEpaper
Social Welfare Systems in East Asia: A Comparative Analysis including Private Welfare

Didier Jacobs

This paper is an overview of the social welfare systems of five East Asian countries, namely Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. It analyses the overall costs of welfare as well as income distribution aspects,...Read more...

July 1998

CASEpaper
An Economic Model of Household Income Dynamics, with an Application to Poverty Dynamics among American Women

Simon Burgess and Carol Propper

The rise in inequality and poverty is one of the most important economic and social issues in recent times. But in contrast to the literature on individual earnings inequality, there has been little work modelling (as op...Read more...

July 1998

CASEpaper
Income Dynamics in Germany, the USA and the UK: Evidence from Panel Data

Christian Schluter

This paper is about the distributional dynamics of net household income in Germany, the US and the UK. We reject the common wisdom that Germany is a country in statsis: stable cross-sectional distributions are deceptive,...Read more...

June 1998

CASEpaper
The Divorced and Who Divorces? (published as ch.16 in 'Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s', S McRae (ed), OUP, 1999)

Kathleen E Kiernan and Ganka Mueller

The Family Resources Survey was used to identify the characteristics of the divorced population and two longitudinal studies, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) were...Read more...

May 1998

CASEpaper
Early Health Related Behaviours and their Impact on Later Life Chances: Evidence from the US (OUT (publ. in Health Economics, 7(5), 1998)

Simon Burgess and Carol Propper

This paper uses evidence from the US to examine the impact of adolescent illegal consumption and violent behaviour on later life chances. Specifically, we look at the effect of such behaviour by young men in late adolsce...Read more...

February 1998

CASEpaper
Tax Relief and Partnership Pensions (A version of this paper has now been published in the journal Fiscal Studies, vol.19 No.4 ,1998)

Julian Le Grand and Phil Agulnik

Government support of private (occupational and personal) pensions through the system of tax reliefs is large: between one quarter and one third of that of direct support of state pensions through public expenditure. How...Read more...

February 1998

CASEpaper
Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity

Anthony B. Atkinson and John Hills

The relationships between employment, education, opportunity, social exclusion and poverty are central to current policy debates. Atkinson argues that the concepts of poverty, unemployment and social exclusion are closel...Read more...

January 1998

CASEpaper
Maternity Leave Policies and Women's Employment after Childbirth: Evidence from the United States, Britain and Japan

Jane Waldfogel, Yoshio Higuchi and Masahiro Abe

This paper uses microdata from the United States, Britain and Japan to examine the effects of family leave coverage on women's employment after childbirth. The United States had no national family leave legislation until...Read more...

January 1998

CASEpaper
Boundaries between Public and Private Welfare: a typology and map of services (publ.as Private Welfare and Public Policy, Burchardt, Hills and Propper, Rowntree Foundation, Jan 1999)

Tania Burchardt

This paper develops a typology of welfare services and attempts to illustrate its use in clarifying discussions about the privatisation of welfare and in analysing changes in expenditure. A third dimension, which concern...Read more...

November 1997

CASEpaper
The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, economic and demographic experiences in adulthood

Kathleen E Kiernan

This study addresses three questions. Firstly, to what extent does divorce during childhood have long-term consequences for the educational attainment, economic situation, partnership formation and dissolution, and paren...Read more...

October 1997