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Author: Kitty Stewart

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CASEpaper

Does The Scottish Child Payment Weaken Work Incentives?

Suzanna Nesom, Kitty Stewart and Emma Tominey

The Scottish Child Payment (SCP), introduced in 2021, provides cash transfers for families with children receiving Universal Credit (UC) or related benefits. The eligibility link to UC can create a potential cliff-edge a...Read more...

10 December 2025

CASEpaper

Investing in Children: Early findings on the difference the Scottish Child Payment makes to child well-being

Kate Andersen, Suzanna Nesom, Ruth Patrick, Ilona Pinter, Kitty Stewart and Emma Tominey

Recent years have seen a divergence in welfare of Scotland compared to other UK nations. The Scottish Government has used its devolved powers on social security to introduce a package of five Family Payments, the centrep...Read more...

8 December 2025

CASEbrief

Why we won’t turn the tide on child poverty with employment alone

Kitty Stewart, Ruth Patrick and Aaron Reeves

Child poverty in the UK is high and rising, at huge cost both to individual lives and to society. Without action, the number of children living in poverty could rise from 4.5 to 4.7 million by the end of this parliament....Read more...

12 November 2025

CASEbrief

Baking inequality in from birth: New analysis of the way the two-child limit and the benefit cap intersect with ethnicity

Justice Aina, Ruth Patrick, Aaron Reeves, Thomas Stephens and Kitty Stewart

This briefing paper contains new quantitative evidence on the way the twochild limit and benefit cap affect children from different ethnic backgrounds. Drawing on official statistics and our own analysis of the Family R...Read more...

10 July 2025

CASEpaper

Capped and trapped (in the UK's housing market): how the benefit cap makes it almost impossible to find affordable housing

Mark Fransham, Kate Andersen, Ruth Patrick, Aaron Reeves and Kitty Stewart

The benefit cap places an upper limit on the total amount a family can receive in financial support from the government in a given year. Many of those subject to the cap live in high rent properties and one stated goal f...Read more...

31 July 2024

CASEpaper

An impossible move? Households' experiences of trying to escape the Benefit Cap

Ruth Patrick, Kate Andersen, Kitty Stewart, Aaron Reeves and Mark Fransham

Recent governments have increasingly used their power to attempt to alter the behaviour of people in receipt of social security benefits. This can be seen in the case of the Benefit Cap, a policy introduced with a specif...Read more...

31 July 2024

CASEpaper

Making Work Pay? The labour market effects of capping child benefits in larger families

Mary Reader, Kate Andersen, Ruth Patrick, Aaron Reeves and Kitty Stewart

Child benefits are typically paid on a per-child basis, without restrictions on family size. In this paper we generate unique evidence on the effects of capping child benefits by family size by examining the introduction...Read more...

1 June 2023

CASEpaper

The sins of the parents: Conceptualising adult-oriented reforms to family policy

Kitty Stewart, Ruth Patrick and Aaron Reeves

A core element of a welfare state is the support that is provided to families with children, in recognition of the additional needs that dependent children create. Variation in the design, generosity and implementation o...Read more...

27 April 2023

CASEpaper

A time of need: Exploring the changing poverty risk facing larger families in the UK

Kitty Stewart, Aaron Reeves and Ruth Patrick

Child poverty in the UK has seen rapid change over the last two decades, broadly falling from the late 1990s until 2012/13 and rising since then. As a result, child poverty rates converged with rates of poverty for worki...Read more...

28 July 2021

Social Policies and Distributional Outcomes Research Paper

The Conservative Governments' Record on Early Childhood from May 2015 to pre-COVID 2020: Policies, Spending and Outcomes

Kitty Stewart and Mary Reader

This paper uses the Social Policies and Distributional Outcomes framework to evaluate the record of successive Conservative administrations on early childhood during the period between 2015 and the eve of the COVID-19 pa...Read more...

1 February 2021

CASEpaper

Did the introduction of the benefit cap in Britain harm mental health? A natural experiment approach

Aaron Reeves, Mark Fransham, Kitty Stewart and Ruth Patrick

In November 2016, the UK government announced they would be lowering the benefit cap, the total amount a family with no-one in full-time employment can receive from the government in social security. This policy change r...Read more...

26 November 2020

CASEpaper

Inequalities in the experience of early education in England: Access, peer groups and transitions

Tammy Campbell, Ludovica Gambaro and Kitty Stewart

This paper summarises the output of a Nuffield-funded research project exploring inequalities in three aspects of children’s experience in early education in England. The main focus of the project was on ‘peer effects’ i...Read more...

7 June 2019

CASEbrief

Inequalities in the experience of early education in England: Access, peer groups and transitions

Tammy Campbell, Ludovica Gambaro and Kitty Stewart

There are long-standing disparities in child development between children from different backgrounds. Progress in narrowing gaps is slow and differences remain wide, especially by household income. This Nuffield Found...Read more...

7 June 2019

Social Policies and Distributional Outcomes Research Paper

What does Brexit mean for social policy in the UK? An exploration of the potential consequences of the 2016 referendum for public services, inequalities and social rights

Kitty Stewart, Kerris Cooper and Isabel Shutes

The paper was written as part of a major research programme on trends in the distribution of social and economic outcomes in the UK and the design and impact of social policies. The paper seeks to map out the potential i...Read more...

26 February 2019

CASEpaper

Does Money Affect Children's Outcomes? An update

Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart

This report provides an update to Does Money Affect Children’s Outcomes?: A Systematic Review, published in October 2013. Using systematic search approaches, we review the literature examining the relationship between ho...Read more...

12 July 2017

CASEreport

CASE Annual Report 2016

Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart

29 March 2017

CASEpaper

How do experts think child poverty should be measured in the UK? An analysis of the Coalition Government’s consultation on child poverty measurement 2012-13

Kitty Stewart and Nick Roberts

This paper examines responses to a 2012-13 government consultation on child poverty measurement. It explores what these responses tell us about attitudes towards the child poverty indicators in the Child Poverty Act 2010...Read more...

14 July 2016

CASEreport

CASE Annual Report 2015

Kitty Stewart and Kate Summers

6 April 2016

CASEreport

Does money in adulthood affect adult outcomes?

Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart

There is ample evidence that adults with lower incomes tend to have worse outcomes including worse health, lower life expectancy and lower subjective wellbeing than individuals with more. But is money in adulthood itself...Read more...

9 December 2015

SPCC Working Paper

The Coalition's Record on Under Fives 2010-2015

Kitty Stewart

The Government's strategy for improving social mobility emphasised the importance of early childhood. Against a backdrop of tightening austerity, what happened in practice to children's services, family incomes and early...Read more...

26 January 2015

SPCC Research Report

The Coalition's Social Policy Record: Policy Spending and Outcomes 2010-2015

Ruth Lupton, Tania Burchardt, Amanda Fitzgerald, John Hills, Abigail McKnight, Polina Obolenskaya, Kitty Stewart, Stephanie Thomson, Rebecca Tunstall and Polly Vizard

This paper summarises nine detailed reports assessing the social policies of the UK Coalition government elected in 2010. What did the Coalition set out to achieve? How much was spent and saved? What policies were enacte...Read more...

26 January 2015

CASEpaper

Labour's Record on the Under Fives: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010

Kitty Stewart

When Labour came to power in 1997 it made commitments to reduce poverty and improve children’s health, education and wider life chances. Early childhood was considered central to the strategy, and considerable resources ...Read more...

12 November 2013

CASEreport

Does money affect children's outcomes?

Kerris Cooper and Kitty Stewart

Children in low-income households do less well than their better-off peers on many outcomes in life, such as education or health, simply because they are poorer. While a parent's level of education, attitude towards brin...Read more...

28 October 2013

SPCC Working Paper

Labour's Record on the Under Fives: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997 - 2010

Kitty Stewart

When Labour came to power in 1997 it made commitments to reduce poverty and improve children’s health, education and wider life chances. How far did it act on these commitments, at what cost, and with what impact?...Read more...

1 July 2013

SPCC Research Report

Labour's Social Policy Record: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010

Ruth Lupton, John Hills, Kitty Stewart and Polly Vizard

This is the first major report in a wider programme assessing the impact of the recession, government policy reforms and public spending on poverty and inequality in the UK. Later work will assess the Coalition’s social ...Read more...

29 June 2013

SPCC Research Note

Social Policy in a Cold Climate: A Framework for Analysing the Effects of Social Policy

Ruth Lupton, Tania Burchardt, John Hills, Kitty Stewart and Polly Vizard

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007/8, social policy and the welfare state in the UK have been undergoing a period of extraordinary change. After a decade of welfare state expansion to 2007, with part...Read more...

22 April 2013

CASEpaper

A question of quality: Do children from disadvantaged backgrounds receive lower quality early years education and care in England?

Ludovica Gambaro, Kitty Stewart and Jane Waldfogel

This paper examines how the quality of formal early childhood education and care is associated with children’s background. By using different indicators of quality, the research also explored how the relationship varies ...Read more...

1 March 2013

CASEbrief

Equal access to high quality early education and care? Evidence from England and lessons from other countries

Ludovica Gambaro, Kitty Stewart and Jane Waldfogel

1 March 2013

CASEpaper

Pathways and penalties: Mothers’ employment trajectories and wage growth in the Families and Children Study

Francesca Bastagli and Kitty Stewart

This paper uses panel data from the British Families and Children Study to analyse the employment patterns of women with children and the ways in which part-time work and interruptions in paid employment influence the wa...Read more...

1 December 2011

CASEbrief

Employment Pathways and Wage Progression for Mothers in Low-Skilled Work: Evidence from Three British Datasets

Kitty Stewart and Francesca Bastagli

1 December 2011

CASEpaper

Employment trajectories and later employment outcomes for mothers in the British Household Panel Survey: An analysis by skill level

Kitty Stewart

Maternal employment formed a central plank in the former Labour Government’s strategy to reduce child poverty. Even where potential jobs were low-skilled and low-paid, policy was explicitly work (rather than training) fi...Read more...

May 2011

CASEpaper

Employment trajectories for mothers in low-skilled work: Evidence from the British Lone Parent Cohort

Kitty Stewart

UK government policy encourages mothers of young children in low-income families to enter or return to work, via tax credit subsidies and support for childcare. Maternal employment is seen a central plank in the campaign...Read more...

May 2007

CASEpaper

Measuring Well-Being and Exclusion in Europe's Regions

Kitty Stewart

The Lisbon summit of the European Council in March 2000 declared the number of people living in poverty and social exclusion in the European Union to be unacceptable, and called for steps to tackle the issue, beginning w...Read more...

March 2002